• Private Experience
• Family Friendly
• Instantly Confirmed
• Carbon Neutral

Let your little ones take over the kitchen on this Family Friendly cooking class in Barcelona. Your little chefs will learn how to cook some of the most famous Spanish dishes like Paella and a tasty Catalan dessert. Come to my home and enjoy a 3 courses meal prepared by your children!

Destination

Barcelona, Spain

Category

Cooking Classes

Duration

2 hours

Cuisine

Spanish

Available languages

English, Français

Included

• Private guide
• Meals
• Equipment

What you can expect

This is the plan

Check out the plan below to see what you'll get up to with your local host. Feel free to personalize this offer with Philippe.

1. Meeting point

   Meet at approximately Carrer de la Conca de Tremp, Barcelona to start your culinary journey.

   View on Maps

2. Example menu

   This is what our dinner could look like, but it’s not set in stone! Once you book, you can chat directly with your host to make small tweaks to suit your preferences.

3. First course

   Pan de tomate, also known as pa amb tomaquet. A traditional Catalan dish made with toasted bread, fresh garlic, ripe tomatoes and olive oil

4. Second course

   The most famous Spanish dish: Paella. Make a typical recipe that includes white rice, beans, vegetables, meat or seafood, and a range of herbs and spices. There are different varieties, including the ‘original’ Valencian recipe with snails, and vegetarian recipes. Let me know which one your kids would like to cook!

5. Third course

   Dessert - because how can we finish the meal without having something sweet?

6. Make it yours

   Want to tweak the menu? Book directly & chat afterwards with your host to adjust highlights, skip stops, or make small changes to fit your preferences.

   Book risk-free: Cancel within 24 hours for a full refund.

   Need something special? Personalize your experience for more time, alternative locations or a completely tailored plan.

I can personalize this tour for you

• Tell me your preferred date and group size
• Tell me your preferences and wishes so I can customize the tour for you
• Wait for my personal offer in your inbox!

Contact me

Flexible cancellation policy

• Feel confident booking

  Cancel within 24 hours for a full refund. Even up to 7 days before your experience, you’ll receive a refund, minus the service fee.

• Change of plans?

  Reschedule your experience to a date and time that works best for you.

• Loved by travelers worldwide

  Simple and flexible – your plans, your way.

Reviews from guests

Sarah🇬🇧 United Kingdom

1 November 2024

We had a lovely evening with our kids at Phillipe’s place, the kids enjoyed cooking and learning about Catalan language and cuisine. The kids found Phillipe interesting and funny. Would highly recommend.Lovely meal and company

Delphine🇫🇷 France

31 October 2024

Mille mercis à Philippe pour son accueil chaleureux. Nous avons préparé avec lui du 'pan con tomate', une paella et une crème catalane. Les enfants ont passé un excellent moment et nous aussi. Le repas était délicieux et le contact avec Philippe hyper facile et agréable. Une belle façon de découvrir un pan de la gastronomie espagnole. Allez y les yeux fermés (et la bouche grande ouverte !) Genial ! Nous recommandons !

Jackie🇬🇧 United Kingdom

14 August 2024

We are a family of 5 from Hong Kong and enjoy learning something from the locals every time we visit a new place. We found many good reviews of Philippe's private 2hr cooking class but we thought 2hr might be a bit too rush if our children want to enjoy plenty of cooking as well as a good moment for all of us to enjoy the meal together with Philippe. I communicate with Philippe and am glad that he is responsive and is willing to accommodate our needs. We did a 3-hour session of a traditional Catalan home cooking, including pa amb tomaquet, padron peppers, tortella de patatas, paella and crema catalana. It was a great fun for our children. Philippe was very thoughtful, carefully balancing the time needed for cooking and a pace which the children can enjoy themselves in the process. It was a big portion for all of us and Philippe was impressed that we can finish the food and nothing went to the bin. (to readers: be reminded to go with an empty stomach) Philippe had also shared his life and adventure with us during the meal and we appreciate our great time with such a nice person.A wonderful experience of Catalonia

Ca🇺🇸 United States

14 August 2024

Not much more to be said that hasn’t already been raved about. Philippe was a wonderful host to myself, my wife and our 5 year old. His home is beautiful, an alluring layout that is tastefully decorated. As for Philippe himself, he was patient, kind, and encouraging to our child, who is usually quite shy. The icing (or fire in this case) on the cake was our son learning to use the blow torch for the Creama Catalana caramel. Definitely a highlight of the trip! A MUST when in Barcelona

Lia

11 August 2024

The class felt rushed, kinda of aggressive, not geared towards children or families ( philippe actually said the class wasn’t for children) even through that is in the title of the class. He made our entire family feel uncomfortable. His home where you cook was so hot we would barely breathe. Never offered us water. Then rushed us out minutes before the class was up. He also seemed that this was just something he does vs. bring remotely interested in cooking or any background in culinary at all. I would not recommend taking this class. Not exsctly a comfortable environment

Leah🇺🇸 United States

3 January 2024

We had such a great time with Philippe! He was flexible with some travel issues, greeted us and had a blast cooking and getting to know him and more about Barcelona. He took to the kitchen with our 3 kids and was so engaging while we enjoyed Sangria. Would recommend to anyone! Pan con Tomate and Paella are new family favorites! MUST DO Experience in Barcelona!

Jess🇬🇧 United Kingdom

27 August 2023

We spent a super afternoon with Philippe as he taught the children (and us!!) how to make a traditional paella. Philippe was great with the children, keeping them interested and on-task. He shared a wealth of information not just about the food, but about Catalan culture and traditions as well. The meal was delicious and the children all felt a sense of pride and accomplishment having prepared dinner for us all. We thoroughly enjoyed the experience and would definitely recommend it to other families! :)Fun, Interesting and Delicious!

Jonathan🇨🇦 Canada

30 July 2023

Philippe was a fabulous host and great with our kids as they prepared, cooked and served our authentic Spanish meal. The food was absolutely amazing and the experience of cooking with a local in their own home was the cherry on top. Would definitely recommend for families with young kids, thanks again for an unforgettable experience Authentic family friendly cooking class

j54b4cvnx8🇺🇸 United States

12 July 2023

When I told my kids that we would cook some of their favorite Spanish dishes, they jumped to the roof excitedly. I didn’t know what to expect, and it was a little weird for me to cook in someone’s (stranger's) house, but all my worries disappeared once we met Philippe. Philippe is kind, funny, and with lots of knowledge. My kids enjoyed every second of the cooking session, and they were proud to eat something they made. We, the adults, enjoyed watching our kids engage and listening to Philippe’s stories and instructions. At the end, we all sat together, drank an amazing sangria and enjoyed a lovely dinner. I highly recommend Philippe’s cooking class. Both my kids said that it was the best part of their trip. Cooking with Philippe

Perri🇺🇸 United States

11 July 2023

Let me start by saying that I never share a negative review but as a group, we agreed that this was important. The experience with Philippe was not as we expected, based upon the past and even very recent reviews. Although Philippe’s apartment was spacious, it was not necessarily setup for cooking. The kitchen had visible cobwebs, flies and overall didn’t feel sanitary. We expected that the kitchen would be “up to code.” From the moment we entered the apartment, the experience was rushed and Philippe was not welcoming. He didn’t offer water or suggest a place for the adults to sit while the kids engaged in cooking. We understand that being invited into someone’s home is a special experience, however, Philippe gave the impression that he was uncomfortable having others in his home. As the cooking class began, it was apparent that he was not going to be patient with the kids. There were many times when he was quick to reprimand and certainly had no time for typical kid like behavior. In fact, he shared that the previous group was difficult and that he wasn’t having a great day. With regards to the food, it was just OK. Experience not as advertised

Jason🇺🇸 United States

5 July 2023

When we travel, we value seeing a city/culture through the eyes of a local. The experience that Philippe granted our family (My wife & I, + 10yo daughter and 7yo son) is one that we will never forget. Imagine spending a few hours with a world traveler who opens their home and his heart to his guests. His passions are shared and his ability to engage my kids was priceless. We haven’t even begun to talk about the INCREDIBLE Paella yet!! My daughter said “I didn’t think I was going to like it… but I am sure glad that I tried, it was delicious!” My wife and I exchanged dozens of glances and smiles with hearts full of gratitude for the experience we were in. This is a 10/10 mist do with your kiddos!Passion - Experience - AMAZING - 100%

Sherif🇳🇱 Netherlands

3 July 2023

We had the most amazing time with Philippe, our Withlocals host in Barcelona! My wife, our 9-year-old daughter, and I joined Philippe for his Paella Workshop for kids, and it was an absolute blast. First of all, Philippe's home is an absolute hidden gem in Barcelona. It's like stepping into a magical wonderland. The moment we walked through the door, we knew we were in for something special. Philippe himself is an awesome human being. Not only is he an incredible artist, but he's also a fantastic cook and teacher. He made the workshop so engaging and fun for Naila. She got to learn how to make a full Spanish dinner, from Pan con Tomate to a mouthwatering seafood paella and a heavenly Crema Catalana. Naila did most of the work herself, and she was so proud of her creations. What made the experience even better was the fact that we got to sit down and enjoy the delicious meal we had prepared together. As we savored each bite, Philippe shared some great stories and we had wonderful conversations. The sangria he made was the cherry on top – absolutely delicious! Before we left, Philippe even gave Naila a printed recipe to take home as a souvenir. It was such a thoughtful gesture that made her day. She's already planning to recreate the dishes for our family and friends back home. All in all, I can't recommend Philippe enough as your host and guide in Barcelona. It was not only a cooking class but also a heartwarming experience filled with laughter, good food, and great company. If you're in Barcelona and looking for a unique and unforgettable activity, don't miss the chance to spend time with Philippe. Trust me, you won't be disappointed!Enchanting and Memorable Experience!

Erin🇺🇸 United States

26 June 2023

Our time with Philippe was both educational and fun for all. Our children thoroughly enjoyed the interaction with Philippe. He was very engaging and light hearted. He brought out courage and intrigue in the process of cooking and learning about traditional Spanish spices and folklore. A great time was had by all. Highly recommend! Valuable and Fun Experience

Jaclyn🇺🇸 United States

11 June 2023

What a great experience! Philippe was very patient with our 7 yr old son and helped him prepare a delicious meal. We all appreciated his wealth of knowledge and willingness to share his amazing home. Would highly recommend this families. Must for Families

Abbas🇺🇸 United States

9 June 2023

Most wonderful experience

Michelle🇺🇸 United States

3 June 2023

Our entire family absolutely loved cooking with Philippe. Our kids had a blast and the food was delicious. It was also really nice visiting his amazing apartment. We highly recommend this activity.Amazing experience

Jennifer🇺🇸 United States

1 June 2023

Philippe was great and was very good with the kids. The kids had a blast cooking for their parents! Overall a great experience and the food was great too! Highly recommend! Kids had a blast!

Laura🇺🇸 United States

17 May 2023

It was good that we met Philippe on a Monday, and it directly influenced our returning to La Sagrada Familia to get a tour through the Skip the Line feature and he told us what time of day causes the stained glass features to truly illuminate this grand cathedral. Philippe was accommodating. He is a gentleman who let us into his home and messaged me afterward when I left my phone there. Of course, we just walked back and he was right there to hand me the phone back. We knew we had the interest in a cooking experience with Philippe and explained our needs and that we were three adults, instead of children, and that we would like to learn from him. He immediately wanted to know our dietary guidelines, if any, such as the meat or seafood requirements for our party. His torch for the crema catalana wasn’t working but it was because previous guests had broken it somehow and replaced his nice one with an inferior model. All in all, it was delicious. I get hungry just thinking about it. I felt like I had a very hands-on experience and did much of the cooking, save for my sister who was behind the bar preparing the tapas. Philippe talked of princes and George Orwell. I wish I had taken notes as he clearly knows the city of Barcelona and it’s historical context very, very well! His tips for the rest of our trip left us feeling like we had an older brother or someone who truly wanted us to learn, and, of course have a safe and welcoming trip. Thank you, so much, Philippe! We feel like you are the perfect fit on WithLocals as a concerned citizen of the area and, other than your stints abroad, you have really been called to this area, as a neighbor, businessman and, clearly, an invested guide for those seeking to enjoy the real, historical Barcelona.Cooking with Philippe, not soon forgotten

Keith🇪🇸 Spain

24 April 2023

My kids and I had the incredible opportunity to cook paella with Chef Philippe, and it was nothing short of amazing! Not only did Philippe bring their wealth of culinary expertise, but they also created a warm and welcoming environment that made the entire experience a joy for my children. Philippe patiently guided my kids through each step of the process, sharing their passion for cooking and making them feel like little culinary geniuses. He explained the ingredients and their significance in the dish, engaging my children in a way that made them eager to learn more. The paella turned out delicious, and my kids couldn't have been more proud of their accomplishment. Philippe has not only introduced my children to the flavors of Catalan cuisine, but they have also sparked a newfound love for cooking in their young hearts. I can't recommend Chef Philippe highly enough for anyone looking to create memorable experiences with their children in the kitchen. He is a talented chef and a wonderful teacher who can make even the most complex dishes feel approachable and fun. Thank you Philippe, for an unforgettable paella adventure! -Keith-Enchanting Paella Class with Chef Philippe

John🇺🇸 United States

15 April 2023

Philippe was an amazing teacher and took time to make sure our 5 year old twins were engaged and having fun while learning how to cook a delicious meal.The perfect meal

Courtney🇺🇸 United States

8 April 2023

The kid-led paella class with Philippe was a highlight of our trip. Our kids, ages 6 and 8, LOVED the experience from start to finish. Phillippe was patient, informative and great with the kids and the food was DELICIOUS. I’d highly recommend this to all families visiting Barcelona - so unique!Unique Experience for the entire Family

Megan🇺🇸 United States

4 November 2022

We did this with my 7 year old twin boys and my 75 year old parents in tow. He was so great working with the boys and making them feel like expert chefs! His recipes were authentic and helped us really get a feel for the culture it. We all loved the food and it was as one of the most authentic experiences we had to sit down in his beautiful home and share a meal together. Awesome experience with Philippe!

Allison🇦🇺 Australia

8 August 2022

With just the two of us my daughter loved being the only student with Phillipe and she made a scrumptious paella. My daughter 😍 loved it

adelaide🇺🇸 United States

8 June 2022

Cooking with Philippe is an outstanding cultural experience and one of the highlights of our trip to Barcelona. He taught our 12 year old grandson to prepare and serve paella. He is an excellent teacher, patient and encouraging. He taught us some interesting facts about Barcelona and its culture over the delicious lunch in his spacious home overlooking his garden. We all loved the experience and Philippe. Our grandson wants a paella pan for his birthday." A Memorable Experience!

Sharon "Angell" I go by Ongell🇺🇸 United States

9 May 2022

Philippe was helpful in just getting me there to his home let alone organizing a memorable cooking class and history lesson! Respectful, positive, charming and easy to learn from and be with. Bravo Philippe! Thank you for hosting me and three cheers to Barcelona and all they bring to Catalan and the world! A good cook, teacher & historian!

simonbenjamincooper🇬🇧 United Kingdom

3 March 2022

Had a great time with Philippe drinking Sangria whilst the kids (6,8 & 10) cooked Paella! Recommended! Only slight downside is that Philippe’s pad is a bit of a way out of town, but you can take the opportunity afterward to climb to a nearby viewpoint for amazing views of the city so I wouldn’t let that put you off - 20 minute taxi from Barca centre. Thanks Philippe! Fun cooking Paella for the kids!

Jennifer🇺🇸 United States

21 July 2021

I booked this experience with Philippe for my 8-year old twins not really knowing what to expect, but this is something I feel all parents need to do with their children. As a first-time trip to Barçelona, I wanted my daughters to appreciate their visit, so when I saw this experience with Philippe, I jumped on this opportunity. From the first correspondence, Philippe was insistent on providing an authentic and personal experience. Even before my family and I arrived in Barçelona, Philippe was contacting me for preferences and food conditions. Right there his concern for the family was apparent. When the day of our class arrived, Philippe met us in front of his flat and provided us with a tour of his beautiful home. But no rest for the weary; after the tour, he explained to my daughters, my husband, and me what he and our daughters would be doing. They started with the paella, as that would take the longest to cook. He brought our daughters to a paella pan and taught them about sautéing the ingredients and explained how to cook paella while my husband and I sipped vermouth. Once the preliminary steps of the paella were completed, Philippe took our daughters to prepare the pan con tomate appetizer and crema Catalana dessert. Once those two dishes were completed, the paella was ready. Philippe had our daughters assist in setting the table and we enjoyed our meal together, the five of us. It was during this meal that we learned so much more about Barçelona and Philippe. During this time, we learned so much about the city and our host. It was so fascinating to hear both histories, and Philippe was clearly knowledgeable about every and all details relevant to Barçelona. For any and all parents: we all know that experiences like these are few and far between, so the fact that this exists is a God-send. Philippe has such a magnetism and candor with children that the fun our daughters experienced was so clear to see. Not only would I recommend this experience to every family, but he also conducts personalized tours of the city. I only wish we had the opportunity to book one, but our time in Barçelona was limited. Nonetheless, if you can…do. If you can’t…please make the time! Thank you, Philippe, for the day! You truly bring the best of Barçelona! The Finest of Barçelona

CLAIRE

10 February 2020

We loved our experience at Phillippe's lovely place and our daughters really enjoyed cooking paella and other dishes with him. Highly recomendable. Thanks Phillippe! Really fun family experience!

Aina 🇨🇦 Canada

2 February 2020

Philippe shared his home with my husband and I and our 4 year old daughter in Barcelona, Spain in January of 2020. He was great with our daughter who enjoyed cooking and playing with the 2 house cats. The traditional seafood meal, dessert and beverages coupled with stimulating conversation was a highlight of our trip.

Denise🇺🇸 United States

4 December 2019

We had a really fun night with Phillipe. He was great with my kid’s- ages 12 and 9. They really enjoyed learning how to cook the various dishes and took pride in their meal. They also served us dinner and I made them help with the dishes. My husband and I watched them cook while enjoying some Vermuth. Highly recommend!Great family experience!

Pippa🇬🇧 United Kingdom

5 November 2019

This was the highlight of our trip to Barcelona for our two boys - they had great fun in the kitchen and we all enjoyed the dinner. Philippe was a great host with lots of interests and stories to tell. We thoroughly recommend this experience and will definitely try and do something similar on our next family holiday. Thanks again Philippe!Fantastic evening

Andrew🇬🇧 United Kingdom

31 October 2019

I cannot recommend this experience highly enough. My wife and I booked this for our ten year old twins as they love paella and love cooking. I was very excited about doing the evening as I knew our twins would enjoy it - but it surpassed even my high expectations. We really couldn't have had a better time. Philip is a natural with children - he had a very clear plan for how the evening would work and also had a tremendous balance of ensuring the children had fun whilst needing to maintain a level of discipline in a kitchen. My children had such fun - which was a joy to see - and the food itself was very, very good. We also enjoyed sitting down for dinner with Philip who was great company, he is incredibly knowledgeable about Barcelona and its art and culture and also able to present information in a way that is accessible to children and adults alike. My children left the evening asking me if we could fix up future tours with Philip. Sadly this wasn't possible because Philip was booked up. However, based on this experience I would definitely want to book future tours with Philip and not just this experience. When we go back we will almost certainly book his mosaic workshop as well. We all enjoyed the evening and his company. An absolutely fantastic evening

Sam🇺🇸 United States

25 October 2019

Philippe is awesome, he knows so much history about Barcelona. He customized a schedule for the three of us and tailored it to our interests and likings. I highly suggest Philippe, he rocks!Awesome Tour

Jen🇺🇸 United States

30 September 2019

What a fun night with my kids. The reviews about how well Philippe relates to children is right! He also has a ton of knowledge about the city. The story of Gaudi's dragon (which I always thought was a Gecko), was really quite interesting to hear. I think my kids would have loved his dragon tour around the city. Even is own personal story is incredible. A very interesting guy! Fun night. Thanks again, JenGreat host!

Chuck 🇺🇸 United States

27 September 2019

A fantastic experience for our family! Phillipe was a very gracious host. We booked 2 tours with him and both were highlights of our trip. He is very engaging and patient with kids and customized the paella to our tastes. Our kids were very proud of their work and the parents enjoyed watching THEM cook. This was a private tour, not a group, like is offered on other websites. Our kids were his focus and everything was flexible to our liking. WithLocals has been a great find and we’ll be using them again!

Monica🇨🇦 Canada

25 August 2019

We had a wonderful time with Philippe! He was a kind and generous host, great with the girls and very patient. We would highly recommend it. Dinner was great and I did truly joyed sitting back with a drink while the kids learned! :)Great experience!

Jane🇺🇸 United States

14 August 2019

We really enjoyed our evening with Philippe. He was great fun and he was wonderful with our girls. We had a good time cooking with him and getting to know him. A taste of Spain

Hanneke🇧🇪 Belgium

7 August 2019

Thank you Philippe for the wonderful evening!Great experience!

Leah🇺🇸 United States

5 August 2019

Philippe was so engaging with our son. The paella cooking was a hit and one of my son's favorite experiences. The was DELICIOUS and as parents we sat back and observed as Philippe and our son did the entire. A MUST DO.UNIQUE EXPERIENCE

John🇺🇸 United States

21 July 2019

From the moment we arrived, Phillips made us feel like we were old friends getting together for an evening. We were a group of 5 with my three children ranging in ages from 17 to 24. I point that out because children in this age range are difficult to keep amused and off their cell phones! They were completely engaged and did all of the cooking for us with the expert oversight from Phillipe. We all had a very good meal and delightful evening full of conversation and enjoyment. I would highly recommend this to families traveling and looking for something special to enjoy as a group.Our Paella Excursion

Briana🇺🇸 United States

12 July 2019

Phillipe was a great tour guide! We had been on another tour of Barcelona previously and left Philippe for yet another tour, so he was very kind to be able to alter our original plans to conform to our needs. It was really neat to watch our daughter learn how to make paella and other spanish foods inside Phillipe's home and to see how locals live. We had some special requests of Phillipe and he was happy to oblige! He even gave us a unique gift at the end to help our paella making back at home. We toured the gothic quarter and enjoyed a quick stop to a Churrasceria frequented by locals (delicious!) My family was unsure about going to Phillipe's home, but they're glad we did because it was one of the more memorable tours of our trip!City and Cooking Tour with Phillipe

Mary🇺🇸 United States

12 April 2019

Phillippe was great with our 4 kids! The kids had so much fun learning to cook Paella and especially the dessert. Adults had some relaxing time and learned some interesting facts about the culture and history of Spain.Awesome time

Paula🇺🇸 United States

17 January 2025

This was a family vacation. Philippe is very knowledgeable, informative and passionate about Catalunya. We received a great overview of the area and also learned about Three Kings day. He was at Green Bike well before the tour began and gave us his full attention. We appreciate Philippe coming out during the Spanish holiday! The bike tour allowed us to see a lot of Barcelona. We always felt safe under his direction and the city is set up for bicycling.Would do it again.

Charles

10 January 2025

Philippe provided us with a customized tour that enlightened us with Catalan and Barcelona history and cultural background. I asked a lot of questions and he eagerly answered all. He communicated ahead of time and provided his contact info in case we could not find him. All went very well and we are very pleased with our experience.Philippe Provided A Great Experience

Pierre🇨🇦 Canada

21 December 2024

He was perfect

Fiona

11 December 2024

It was a pleasant journey with Philippe to ride the bike to feel the city. He is very knowledgable, introducing the city in an interesting and easy to understand way to us. Strongly recommend to add this experience to your trip! Best way to know Barcelona

James🇺🇸 United States

22 November 2024

We did a private walking tour focusing on Barcelona history with Philippe. He was happy to shape the tour around what we wanted to see and learn. Philippe was very knowledgeable and fun to walk around town with. He was also able to give us recommendations on other sites we were interested in and things/places to avoid while there. Great tour!Great tour with Philippe!

Anne-Marie🇬🇧 United Kingdom

3 November 2024

Phillippe was a great guide. Sharing lots of information and local knowledge in ways that engaged and challenged our kids. The result was a fabulous afternoon exploring and learning all about Barcelona’s Gothic quarter for all the family. A great guide for all the family

Ger🇪🇸 Spain

27 October 2024

What a guy, gave a great tour, really knows his stuff, he can change it up based on your knowledge, I know a fair amount about the civil war and I learned a lot more. Had to cut it short as it was chucking down but no worries. Highly recommended and Philippe is a genuine smart and interesting guy. Knowledgeable & Super Friendly

Cathy🇦🇺 Australia

7 October 2024

Philippe took us on a walk about the Spanish Civil War and its impact on Barcelona. After meeting at Font de Canaletes, We roamed down Las Ramblas and off into side streets and laneways that we would not have found ourselves. A passionate advocate for Barcelona, Philippe gave us a perspective far greater than from a book. The time went too quickly for our group of 5. Thoroughly recommend this walk and guide.Engaging & informative walk with a local